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Cumulus Linux

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If you are using the current version of Cumulus Linux, the content on this page may not be up to date. The current version of the documentation is available here. If you are redirected to the main page of the user guide, then this page may have been renamed; please search for it there.

Quick Start Guide

This quick start guide provides an end-to-end setup process for installing and running Cumulus Linux, as well as a collection of example commands for getting started after installation is complete.

Prerequisites

Intermediate-level Linux knowledge is assumed for this guide. You need to be familiar with basic text editing, Unix file permissions, and process monitoring. A variety of text editors are pre-installed, including vi and nano.

You must have access to a Linux or UNIX shell. If you are running Windows, use a Linux environment like Cygwin as your command line tool for interacting with Cumulus Linux.

If you are a networking engineer but are unfamiliar with Linux concepts, refer to this reference guide to compare the Cumulus Linux CLI and configuration options, and their equivalent Cisco Nexus 3000 NX-OS commands and settings. You can also watch a series of short videos introducing you to Linux and Cumulus Linux-specific concepts.

Install Cumulus Linux

To install Cumulus Linux, you use ONIE (Open Network Install Environment), an extension to the traditional U-Boot software that allows for automatic discovery of a network installer image. This facilitates the ecosystem model of procuring switches with an operating system choice, such as Cumulus Linux. The easiest way to install Cumulus Linux with ONIE is with local HTTP discovery:

  1. If your host (laptop or server) is IPv6-enabled, make sure it is running a web server. If the host is IPv4-enabled, make sure it is running DHCP in addition to a web server.

  2. Download the Cumulus Linux installation file to the root directory of the web server. Rename this file onie-installer.

  3. Connect your host using an Ethernet cable to the management Ethernet port of the switch.

  4. Power on the switch. The switch downloads the ONIE image installer and boots. You can watch the progress of the install in your terminal. After the installation completes, the Cumulus Linux login prompt appears in the terminal window.

These steps describe a flexible unattended installation method. You do not need a console cable. A fresh install with ONIE using a local web server typically completes in less than ten minutes.

You have more options for installing Cumulus Linux with ONIE. Read Installing a New Cumulus Linux Image to install Cumulus Linux using ONIE in the following ways:

  • DHCP/web server with and without DHCP options
  • Web server without DHCP
  • FTP without a web server
  • Local file
  • USB

After installing Cumulus Linux, you are ready to:

  • Log in to Cumulus Linux on the switch.
  • Install the Cumulus Linux license.
  • Configure Cumulus Linux. This quick start guide provides instructions on configuring switch ports and a loopback interface.

Getting Started

When starting Cumulus Linux for the first time, the management port makes a DHCPv4 request. To determine the IP address of the switch, you can cross reference the MAC address of the switch with your DHCP server. The MAC address is typically located on the side of the switch or on the box in which the unit ships.

Login Credentials

The default installation includes the system account (root), with full system privileges and the user account (cumulus), with sudo privileges. The root account password is locked by default (which prohibits login). The cumulus account is configured with this default password:

CumulusLinux!

In this quick start guide, you use the cumulus account to configure Cumulus Linux.

For optimum security, change the default password with the passwd command before you configure Cumulus Linux on the switch.

All accounts except root are permitted remote SSH login; you can use sudo to grant a non-root account root-level access. Commands that change the system configuration require this elevated level of access.

For more information about sudo, read Using sudo to Delegate Privileges.

Serial Console Management

You are encouraged to perform management and configuration over the network, either in band or out of band. A serial console is fully supported; however, you might prefer the convenience of network-based management.

Typically, switches ship from the manufacturer with a mating DB9 serial cable. Switches with ONIE are always set to a 115200 baud rate.

Wired Ethernet Management

Switches supported in Cumulus Linux always contain at least one dedicated Ethernet management port, which is named eth0. This interface is geared specifically for out-of-band management use. The management interface uses DHCPv4 for addressing by default. You can set a static IP address with the Network Command Line Utility (NCLU) or by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file (Linux).

Set the static IP address with the interface address and interface gateway NCLU commands:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface eth0 ip address 192.0.2.42/24
cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface eth0 ip gateway 192.0.2.1
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

Set a static IP address by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
# Management interface
auto eth0
iface eth0
    address 192.0.2.42/24
    gateway 192.0.2.1

Configure the Hostname and Timezone

Configure the hostname and timezone for your switch. The hostname identifies the switch; make sure you configure the hostname to be unique and descriptive.

  • Do not use an underscore (_) in the hostname; underscores are not permitted.
  • Avoid using apostrophes or non-ASCII characters in the hostname. Cumulus Linux does not parse these characters.

To change the hostname:

Run the net add hostname command, which modifies both the /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts files with the desired hostname.

cumulus@switch:~$ net add hostname <hostname>
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

  1. Change the hostname with the hostnamectl command; for example:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname leaf01

  2. In the /etc/hosts file, replace the host for IP address 127.0.1.1 with the new hostname:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo nano /etc/hosts
...
127.0.1.1       leaf01

  • The command prompt in the terminal does not reflect the new hostname until you either log out of the switch or start a new shell.
  • When you use the NCLU command to set the hostname, DHCP does not override the hostname when you reboot the switch. However, if you disable the hostname setting with NCLU, DHCP does override the hostname the next time you reboot the switch.

The default timezone on the switch is (Coordinated Universal Time) UTC. Change the timezone on your switch to be the timezone for your location.

To update the timezone, use NTP interactive mode:

  1. Run the following command in a terminal.

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

  2. Follow the on screen menu options to select the geographic area and region.

Programs that are already running (including log files) and users currently logged in, do not see timezone changes made with interactive mode. To set the timezone for all services and daemons, reboot the switch.

Verify the System Time

Before you install the license, verify that the date and time on the switch are correct, and correct the date and time if necessary. If the date and time is incorrect, the switch might not be able to synchronize with Puppet or might return errors after you restart switchd:

Warning: Unit file of switchd.service changed on disk, 'systemctl daemon-reload' recommended.

Install the License

Cumulus Linux is licensed on a per-instance basis. Each network system is fully operational, enabling any capability to be utilized on the switch with the exception of forwarding on switch panel ports. Only eth0 and console ports are activated on an unlicensed instance of Cumulus Linux. Enabling front panel ports requires a license.

NVIDIA provides a generic license for Cumulus Linux. Download the license from the NVIDIA Enterprise support portal and apply it.

There are three ways to install the license onto the switch:

  • Copy the license from a local server. Create a text file with the license and copy it to a server accessible from the switch. On the switch, use the following command to transfer the file directly on the switch, then install the license file:

    cumulus@switch:~$ scp user@my_server:/home/user/my_license_file.txt .
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cl-license -i my_license_file.txt

  • Copy the file to an HTTP server (not HTTPS), then reference the URL when you run cl-license:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cl-license -i <URL>

  • Copy and paste the license key into the cl-license command:

    cumulus@switch:~$ sudo cl-license -i
<paste license key>
^+d

Check that your license is installed with the cl-license command.

cumulus@switch:~$ cl-license
user@example.com|$ampleL1cen$et3xt

It is not necessary to reboot the switch to activate the switch ports. After you install the license, restart the switchd service. All front panel ports become active and show up as swp1, swp2, and so on.

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo systemctl restart switchd.service

If a license is not installed on a Cumulus Linux switch, the switchd service does not start. After you install the license, start switchd as described above.

Configure Breakout Ports with Splitter Cables

If you are using 4x10G DAC or AOC cables, or want to break out 100G or 40G switch ports, configure the breakout ports. For more details, see Switch Port Attributes.

Test Cable Connectivity

By default, all data plane ports (every Ethernet port except the management interface, eth0) are disabled.

To test cable connectivity:

To administratively enable a port:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp1
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

To administratively enable all physical ports, run the following command, where swp1-52 represents a switch with switch ports numbered from swp1 to swp52:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp1-52
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

To view link status, use the net show interface all command. The following examples show the output of ports in admin down, down, and up modes:

cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface all
State  Name           Spd  MTU    Mode           LLDP                    Summary
-----  -------------  ---  -----  -------------  ----------------------  -------------------------
UP     lo             N/A  65536  Loopback                               IP: 127.0.0.1/8
       lo                                                                IP: 10.0.0.11/32
       lo                                                                IP: 10.0.0.112/32
       lo                                                                IP: ::1/128
UP     eth0           1G   1500   Mgmt           oob-mgmt-switch (swp6)  Master: mgmt(UP)
       eth0                                                              IP: 192.168.0.11/24(DHCP)
UP     swp1           1G   9000   BondMember     server01 (eth1)         Master: bond01(UP)
UP     swp2           1G   9000   BondMember     server02 (eth1)         Master: bond02(UP)
ADMDN  swp45          N/A  1500   NotConfigured
ADMDN  swp46          N/A  1500   NotConfigured
ADMDN  swp47          N/A  1500   NotConfigured
ADMDN  swp48          N/A  1500   NotConfigured
UP     swp49          1G   9000   BondMember     leaf02 (swp49)          Master: peerlink(UP)
UP     swp50          1G   9000   BondMember     leaf02 (swp50)          Master: peerlink(UP)
UP     swp51          1G   9216   NotConfigured  spine01 (swp1)
UP     swp52          1G   9216   NotConfigured  spine02 (swp1)
UP     bond01         1G   9000   802.3ad                                Master: bridge(UP)
       bond01                                                            Bond Members: swp1(UP)
UP     bond02         1G   9000   802.3ad                                Master: bridge(UP)
       bond02                                                            Bond Members: swp2(UP)
UP     bridge         N/A  1500   Bridge/L2
UP     mgmt           N/A  65536  Interface/L3                           IP: 127.0.0.1/8
UP     peerlink       2G   9000   802.3ad                                Master: bridge(UP)
       peerlink                                                          Bond Members: swp49(UP)
       peerlink                                                          Bond Members: swp50(UP)
DN     peerlink.4094  2G   9000   SubInt/L3                              IP: 169.254.1.1/30
ADMDN  vagrant        N/A  1500   NotConfigured
UP     vlan13         N/A  1500   Interface/L3                           Master: vrf1(UP)
       vlan13                                                            IP: 10.1.3.11/24
UP     vlan13-v0      N/A  1500   Interface/L3                           Master: vrf1(UP)
       vlan13-v0                                                         IP: 10.1.3.1/24
UP     vlan24         N/A  1500   Interface/L3                           Master: vrf1(UP)
       vlan24                                                            IP: 10.2.4.11/24
UP     vlan24-v0      N/A  1500   Interface/L3                           Master: vrf1(UP)
       vlan24-v0                                                         IP: 10.2.4.1/24
UP     vlan4001       N/A  1500   NotConfigured                          Master: vrf1(UP)
UP     vni13          N/A  9000   Access/L2                              Master: bridge(UP)
UP     vni24          N/A  9000   Access/L2                              Master: bridge(UP)
UP     vrf1           N/A  65536  NotConfigured
UP     vxlan4001      N/A  1500   Access/L2                              Master: bridge(UP)

To enable a port, run the ip link set <interface> up command. For example:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ip link set swp1 up

As root, run the following bash script to administratively enable all physical ports:

cumulus@switch:~$ sudo su -
cumulus@switch:~$ for i in /sys/class/net/*; do iface=`basename $i`; if [[ $iface == swp* ]]; then ip link set $iface up fi done

To view link status, use the ip link show command. The following examples show the output of a port in down and up mode:

# Administratively Down
swp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

# Administratively Up but Layer 1 protocol is Down
swp1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 500

# Administratively Up, Layer 1 protocol is Up
swp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 500

Configure Switch Ports

Layer 2 Port Configuration

Cumulus Linux does not put all ports into a bridge by default. To create a bridge and configure one or more front panel ports as members of the bridge, use the following examples as a guide.

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is placed into a bridge called bridge.

cumulus@switch:~$ net add bridge bridge ports swp1
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

You can add a range of ports in one command. For example, to add swp1 through swp10, swp12, and swp14 through swp20 to bridge:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add bridge bridge ports swp1-10,12,14-20
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is placed into a bridge called br0:

    ...
    auto br0
    iface br0
      bridge-ports swp1
      bridge-stp on

To put a range of ports into a bridge, use the glob keyword. For example, to add swp1 through swp10, swp12, and swp14 through swp20 to br0:

    ...
    auto br0
    iface br0
      bridge-ports glob swp1-10 swp12 glob swp14-20
      bridge-stp on

To activate or apply the configuration to the kernel:

# First, check for typos:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery -a

# Then activate the change if no errors are found:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup -a

To view the changes in the kernel, use the brctl command:

cumulus@switch:~$ brctl show
bridge name     bridge id              STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.089e01cedcc2       yes              swp1

Layer 3 Port Configuration

You can also configure a front panel port or bridge interface as a layer 3 port.

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is configured as a layer 3 access port:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp1 ip address 10.1.1.1/30
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

To add an IP address to a bridge interface, you must put it into a VLAN interface. If you want to use a VLAN other than the native one, set the bridge PVID:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add vlan 100 ip address 10.2.2.1/24
cumulus@switch:~$ net add bridge bridge pvid 100
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

In the following configuration example, the front panel port swp1 is configured as a layer 3 access port:

auto swp1
iface swp1
  address 10.1.1.1/30

To add an IP address to a bridge interface, include the address under the iface stanza in the /etc/network/interfaces file. If you want to use a VLAN other than the native one, set the bridge PVID:

auto br0
iface br0
    address 10.2.2.1/24
    bridge-ports glob swp1-10 swp12 glob swp14-20
    bridge-pvid 100
    bridge-stp on

To activate or apply the configuration to the kernel:

# First check for typos:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery -a

# Then activate the change if no errors are found:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup -a

To view the changes in the kernel, use the ip addr show command:

cumulus@switch:~$ ip addr show
...
4. swp1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bridge state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 44:38:39:00:6e:fe brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
...
14: bridge: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 44:38:39:00:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::4638:39ff:fe00:4/64 scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...

Configure a Loopback Interface

Cumulus Linux has a loopback interface preconfigured in the /etc/network/interfaces file. When the switch boots up, it has a loopback interface, called lo, which is up and assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

The loopback interface lo must always be specified in the /etc/network/interfaces file and must always be up.

To see the status of the loopback interface (lo):

Use the net show interface lo command.

cumulus@switch:~$ net show interface lo
    Name    MAC                Speed    MTU    Mode
--  ------  -----------------  -------  -----  --------
UP  lo      00:00:00:00:00:00  N/A      65536  Loopback

Alias
-----
loopback interface
IP Details
-------------------------  --------------------
IP:                        127.0.0.1/8, ::1/128
IP Neighbor(ARP) Entries:  0

The loopback is up and is assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

To add an IP address to a loopback interface, configure the lo interface:

cumulus@switch:~$ net add loopback lo ip address 10.1.1.1/32
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit

Use the ip addr show lo command.

cumulus@switch:~$ ip addr show lo
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

The loopback is up and is assigned an IP address of 127.0.0.1.

To add an IP address to a loopback interface, add it directly under the iface lo inet loopback definition in the /etc network/interfaces file:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
    address 10.1.1.1

If an IP address is configured without a mask (as shown above), the IP address becomes a /32. So, in the above case, 10.1.1.1 is actually 10.1.1.1/32.

Multiple Loopbacks

You can add multiple loopback addresses. See Configure Multiple Loopbacks for details.

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