Static VXLAN Tunnels
In VXLAN-based networks, there are a range of complexities and challenges in determining the destination virtual tunnel endpoints (VTEPs) for any given VXLAN. At scale, solutions such as EVPN try to address these complexities, however, they also have their own complexities.
Static VXLAN tunnels serve to connect two VTEPs in a given environment. Static VXLAN tunnels are the simplest deployment mechanism for small scale environments and are interoperable with other vendors that adhere to VXLAN standards. Because you simply map which VTEPs are in a particular VNI, you can avoid the tedious process of defining connections to every VLAN on every other VTEP on every other rack.
Requirements
Cumulus Linux supports static VXLAN tunnels only on switches that use the Mellanox Spectrum ASICs or the Broadcom Tomahawk, Trident II+, Trident II, Trident3, and Maverick ASICs.
For a basic VXLAN configuration, make sure that:
-
The VXLAN has a network identifier (VNI). Do not use VNI ID 0 or 16777215; these are reserved values under Cumulus Linux.
-
Bridge learning must be enabled on the VNI (bridge learning is disabled by default).
-
The VXLAN link and local interfaces are added to the bridge to create the association between the port, VLAN and VXLAN instance.
-
Each traditional mode bridge on the switch has only one VXLAN interface. Cumulus Linux does not support more than one VXLAN ID per traditional bridge.
This limitation only affects a traditional mode bridge configuration. Cumulus Linux supports more than one VXLAN ID in VLAN-aware bridge mode.
Example Topology
The following topology is used in this chapter. Each IP address corresponds to the loopback address of the switch.
Configure Static VXLAN Tunnels
To configure static VXLAN tunnels, do the following on each leaf:
- Specify an IP address for the loopback.
- Create a VXLAN interface using the loopback address for the local tunnel IP address.
- Enable bridge learning on the VNI.
- Create the tunnels by configuring the remote IP address to each other leaf switch’s loopback address.
For example, to configure static VXLAN tunnels on the four leafs in the topology shown above:
Run the following commands on leaf01:
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add loopback lo ip address 10.0.0.11/32
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan id 10
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge learning on
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan local-tunnelip 10.0.0.11
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.12
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.13
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.14
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge access 10
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net pending
cumulus@leaf01:~$ net commit
Run these commands on leaf02, leaf03, and leaf04:
leaf02
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add loopback lo ip address 10.0.0.12/32
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan id 10
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge learning on
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan local-tunnelip 10.0.0.12
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.11
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.13
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.14
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge access 10
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net pending
cumulus@leaf02:~$ net commit
leaf03
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add loopback lo ip address 10.0.0.13/32
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan id 10
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge learning on
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan local-tunnelip 10.0.0.13
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.11
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.12
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.14
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge access 10
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net pending
cumulus@leaf03:~$ net commit
leaf04
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add loopback lo ip address 10.0.0.14/32
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan id 10
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge learning on
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan local-tunnelip 10.0.0.14
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.11
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.12
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 vxlan remoteip 10.0.0.13
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net add vxlan vni-10 bridge access 10
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net pending
cumulus@leaf04:~$ net commit
Configure leaf01 by editing the /etc/network/interfaces file as follows:
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
address 10.0.0.11/32
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto swp1
iface swp1
auto swp2
iface swp2
auto bridge
iface bridge
bridge-ports vni-10
bridge-vids 10
bridge-vlan-aware yes
auto vni-10
iface vni-10
bridge-access 10
mstpctl-bpduguard yes
mstpctl-portbpdufilter yes
vxlan-id 10
vxlan-local-tunnelip 10.0.0.11
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.12
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.13
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.14
bridge-learning on
Configure leaf02, leaf03, and leaf04 as follows:
leaf02
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
address 10.0.0.12/32
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto swp1
iface swp1
auto swp2
iface swp2
auto bridge
iface bridge
bridge-ports vni-10
bridge-vids 10
bridge-vlan-aware yes
auto vni-10
iface vni-10
bridge-access 10
mstpctl-bpduguard yes
mstpctl-portbpdufilter yes
vxlan-id 10
vxlan-local-tunnelip 10.0.0.12
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.11
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.13
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.14
bridge-learning on
leaf03
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
address 10.0.0.13/32
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto swp1
iface swp1
auto swp2
iface swp2
auto bridge
iface bridge
bridge-ports vni-10
bridge-vids 10
bridge-vlan-aware yes
auto vni-10
iface vni-10
bridge-access 10
mstpctl-bpduguard yes
mstpctl-portbpdufilter yes
vxlan-id 10
vxlan-local-tunnelip 10.0.0.13
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.11
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.12
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.14
bridge-learning on
leaf04
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
address 10.0.0.14/32
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto swp1
iface swp1
auto swp2
iface swp2
auto bridge
iface bridge
bridge-ports vni-10
bridge-vids 10
bridge-vlan-aware yes
auto vni-10
iface vni-10
bridge-access 10
mstpctl-bpduguard yes
mstpctl-portbpdufilter yes
vxlan-id 10
vxlan-local-tunnelip 10.0.0.14
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.11
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.12
vxlan-remoteip 10.0.0.13
bridge-learning on
Verify the Configuration
After you configure all the leaf switches, run the following command to check for replication entries:
cumulus@leaf01:~$ sudo bridge fdb show | grep 00:00:00:00:00:00
00:00:00:00:00:00 dev vni-10 dst 10.0.0.14 self permanent
00:00:00:00:00:00 dev vni-10 dst 10.0.0.12 self permanent
00:00:00:00:00:00 dev vni-10 dst 10.0.0.13 self permanent
In Cumulus Linux, bridge learning is disabled and ARP suppression is enabled by default. You can change the default behavior to set bridge learning on and ARP suppression off for all VNIs by creating a policy file called bridge.json in the /etc/network/ifupdown2/policy.d/ directory. For example:
cumulus@leaf01:~$ sudo cat /etc/network/ifupdown2/policy.d/bridge.json
{
"bridge": {
"module_globals": {
"bridge_vxlan_port_learning" : "on",
"bridge-vxlan-arp-nd-suppress" : "off"
}
}
}
After you create the file, run ifreload -a to load the new configuration.