Open Shortest Path First v3 - OSPFv3
OSPFv3 is a revised version of OSPFv2 and supports the IPv6 address family. Refer to Open Shortest Path First - OSPF for a discussion on the basic concepts, which remain the same between the two versions.
OSPFv3 has changed the formatting in some of the packets and LSAs to support IPv6 and to improve the protocol behavior. OSPFv3 defines a new LSA, called intra-area prefix LSA, to separate the advertisement of stub networks attached to a router from the router LSA. It is a clear separation of node topology from prefix reachability and lends itself well to an optimized SPF computation.
IETF has defined extensions to OSPFv3 to support multiple address families (both IPv6 and IPv4). FRR does not currently support multiple address families.
Configure OSPFv3
To configure OSPFv3, you need to specify the router ID and map interfaces to areas. The following commands provide examples.
When you commit a change that configures a new routing service such as OSPF, the FRR daemon restarts and might interrupt network operations for other configured routing services.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 router-id 0.0.0.1
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 interface swp1 area 0.0.0.0
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 interface swp2 area 0.0.0.1
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
-
Enable the
ospf6daemon, then start the FRRouting service. See Configuring FRRouting. -
From the vtysh shell, configure OSPFv3:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh switch# configure terminal switch(config)# router ospf6 switch(config-ospf6)# router-id 0.0.0.1 switch(config-ospf6)# interface swp1 area 0.0.0.0 switch(config-ospf6)# interface swp2 area 0.0.0.1 switch(config-ospf6)#exit switch(config)#exit switch# write memory switch# exit cumulus@switch:~$
The NCLU and vtysh commands save the configuration in the /etc/frr/frr.conf file. For example:
...
router ospf6
ospf6 router-id 0.0.0.1
interface swp1 area 0.0.0.0
interface swp2 area 0.0.0.1
...
Define Custom OSPFv3 Parameters
You can define additional custom parameters for OSPFv3, such as such as the network type (point-to-point or broadcast) and the interval between hello packets that OSPF sends.
The following command example sets the network type to point-to-point and the hello interval to 5 seconds. The hello interval can be any value between 1 and 65535 seconds.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp1 ospf6 network point-to-point
cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp1 ospf6 hello-interval 5
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# interface swp1
switch(config-if)# ipv6 ospf6 network point-to-point
switch(config-if)# ipv6 ospf6 hello-interval 5
switch(config-if)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
The NCLU and vtysh commands save the configuration in the /etc/frr/frr.conf file. For example:
...
interface swp1
ipv6 ospf6 hello-interval 5
ipv6 ospf6 network point-to-point
...
Unlike OSPFv2, OSPFv3 intrinsically supports unnumbered interfaces. Forwarding to the next hop router is done entirely using IPv6 link local addresses. You do not need to configure any global IPv6 address to interfaces between routers.
Configure the OSPFv3 Area
You can use different areas to control routing. You can:
- Limit an OSPFv3 area from reaching another area.
- Manage the size of the routing table by creating a summary route for all the routes in a particular address range.
The following section provides command examples.
The following example command removes the 3:3::/64 route from the routing table. Without a route in the table, any destinations in that network are not reachable.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 area 0.0.0.0 range 3:3::/64 not-advertise
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
The following example command creates a summary route for all the routes in the range 2001::/64:
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 advertise
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
You can also configure the cost for a summary route, which is used to determine the shortest paths to the destination. The value for cost must be between 0 and 16777215.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 cost 160
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
The following example command removes the 3:3::/64 route from the routing table. Without a route in the table, any destinations in that network are not reachable.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# area 0.0.0.0 range 3:3::/64 not-advertise
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~
The following example command creates a summary route for all the routes in the range 2001::/64:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 advertise
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
You can also configure the cost for a summary route, which is used to determine the shortest paths to the destination. The value for cost must be between 0 and 16777215.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 cost 160
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
The NCLU and vtysh commands save the configuration in the /etc/frr/frr.conf file. For example:
...
router ospf6
area 0.0.0.0 range 3:3::/64 not-advertise
area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 advertise
area 0.0.0.0 range 2001::/64 cost 160
...
Configure the OSPFv3 Distance
Cumulus Linux provides several commands to change the administrative distance for OSPF routes.
This example command sets the distance for an entire group of routes, rather than a specific route.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 distance 254
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes and 220 for external routes:
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 distance ospf6 intra-area 150 inter-area 150 external 220
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes to a subnet or network inside the same area as the router:
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 distance ospf6 intra-area 150
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes to a subnet in an area of which the router is not a part:
cumulus@switch:~$ net add ospf6 distance ospf6 inter-area 150
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
This example command sets the distance for an entire group of routes, rather than a specific route.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# distance 254
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes and 220 for external routes:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# distance ospf6 intra-area 150 inter-area 150 external 220
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes to a subnet or network inside the same area as the router:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# distance ospf6 intra-area 150
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
This example command changes the OSPF administrative distance to 150 for internal routes to a subnet in an area of which the router is not a part:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# router ospf6
switch(config-ospf6)# distance ospf6 inter-area 150
switch(config-ospf6)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
The NCLU and vtysh commands save the configuration to the /etc/frr/frr.conf file. For example:
...
router ospf6
distance ospf6 intra-area 150 inter-area 150 external 220
...
Configure OSPFv3 Interfaces
You can configure an interface, a bond interface, or a VLAN with an existing advertise prefix list. The prefix list defines the outbound route filter.
The following example command configures interface swp3s1 with the IPv6 advertise prefix list named filter:
cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp3s1 ospf6 advertise prefix-list filter
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
You can also configure the cost for a particular interface, bond interface, or VLAN. The following example command configures the cost for swp2.
cumulus@switch:~$ net add interface swp2 ospf6 cost 1
cumulus@switch:~$ net pending
cumulus@switch:~$ net commit
The following example command configures interface swp3s1 with the IPv6 advertise prefix-list named filter.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# interface swp3s1
switch(config-if)# ipv6 ospf advertise prefix-list filter
switch(config-if)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
You can also configure the cost for a particular interface, bond interface, or VLAN. The following example command configures the cost for swp2.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo vtysh
switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# interface swp2
switch(config-if)# ipv6 ospf cost 1
switch(config-if)# end
switch# write memory
switch# exit
cumulus@switch:~$
The NCLU and vtysh commands save the configuration in the /etc/frr/frr.conf file. For example:
...
interface swp2
ipv6 ospf6 cost 1
...
Troubleshooting
Cumulus Linux provides troubleshooting commands for OSPFv3:
- To show neighbor states, run the NCLU
net show ospf6 neighborcommand or the vtyshshow ip ospf6 neighborcommand. - To verify that the LSDB is synchronized across all routers in the network, run the NCLU
net show ospf6 databasecommand or the vtyshshow ip ospf6 databasecommand. - To determine why an OSPF route is not being forwarded correctly, run the NCLU
net show route ospf6command or the vtyshshow ip route ospf6command. These commands show the outcome of the SPF computation downloaded to the forwarding table. - To help visualize the network view, run the NCLU
net show ospf6 spf treecommand or theshow ip ospf6 spf treecommand. These commands show the node topology as computed by SPF.
For example:
cumulus@switch:~$ net show ospf6 neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri DeadTime State/IfState Duration I/F[State]
10.0.0.21 1 00:00:37 Full/DROther 00:11:32 swp51[PointToPoint]
10.0.0.22 1 00:00:37 Full/DROther 00:11:32 swp52[PointToPoint]
Run the net show ospf6 help command to show available NCLU command options.
For a list of all the OSPF debug options, refer to Debugging OSPF.